the effect of nozzle types and time of herbicide incorporation in soil on corn (zea mays l.) weed control

this experiment was conducted to study the effect of nozzle types and the time of herbicide incorporation in soil on weed control, using split plot design by randomized block design. the main plots were soil and herbicide mixing time and the subplots were nozzle types with three replications. this study was performed in karaj station of seed and plant improvement institute, located 25 km west of tehran, in 2008. treatments were including: t-jet standard nozzle, flood-jet nozzle and air induction nozzle as well as mixing with the soil immediately, three, six and nine hours after spraying. the parameters were measured includes: the number of weeds before spraying, 15 days and 30 days after spraying; dry weed at two stages of 15 and 30 days after the spraying; and yield of corn. the results revealed that the spraying quality coefficient was greater for t-jet nozzle compared to the other types. however flood-jet nozzle had a wide range of corn weeds control in comparison to other treatments. regardless of the nozzle type, the immediate incorporation of herbicide in soil after spraying significantly increased the yield. the time of herbicide incorporation in soil and poison intermixture with soil, from zero to 4.5 hours after spraying was superior to the other times. this was mainly due to different weeds reactions to the times of herbicide incorporation in soil after spraying, and also treatments effect on yield and weed dry weight. combined data analysis showed that treatment combination of t-jet nozzle (with time of herbicide incorporation in soil immediately and three hours after spraying), flood-jet nozzle (with time of herbicide incorporation in soil immediately after spraying) and air induction nozzle (with time of herbicide incorporation in soil immediately, three and six hours after spraying) produced the highest yield than the other treatment combinations.